Juri Lotmani loengud
Juri Lotmani peamiseks suhtlemisvormiks oma õpilaste ja kolleegidega oli loeng. Tema loengukoormus ületas kogu elu jooksul mitmekordselt professori normkoormuse. Loengukursus oli tema jaoks uute ideede katsetamise viis. Seetõttu luges ta kohustuslike kursuste kõrval palju erikursusi, Lotmani kursusi. Uued ideed sündisid dialoogis ja dialoog sündis austusest kuulajate vastu. Lotmani eripäraks oli kontakti leidmine iga auditooriumiga, kõigi teadusalade esindajatest ja üliõpilastest kuni ülipopulaarsete teleloengute massiauditooriumini.
JURI LOTMANI LOENGUD on sari, mis on pühendatud Lotmani mälestusele ja dialoogi hoidmisele tema ideedega, kutsudes esinema uurijaid, kes on juba Lotmani pärandiga dialoogis ning kelle mõtetega sooviks dialoogi astuda need, kes väärtustavad Tartu-Moskva koolkonna semiootika traditsiooni.
Loengusarja korraldamist toetab Euroopa Liit läbi Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi (Kultuuriteooria Tippkeskus).
30. mai, 2016
Professor John Hartley
"Understanding Social Media: The Turn To Evolution, Complexity and ´The Three Bigs`"
Salvestus loengust: http://www.uttv.ee/naita?id=24202
Tunnustatud meediauurija John Hartley on rakendanud semiootilist lähenemist meediauuringutes alates oma esimesest, John Fiskega kahasse kirjutatud menukast raamatust "Lugedes televisiooni" (1978). Hetkel Austraalias, Curtini Ülikoolis Kultuuriteaduse professorina töötav Hartley on oma karjääri jooksul avaldanud üle paarikümne raamatu kommunikatsioonist, meediast, ajakirjandusest ja kultuuriuuringutest. Lotmani ideed kultuurist kui semiootilisest süsteemist on mänginud tema kultuuritööstuse, meedia ja innovatsiooni-käsitlustes olulist rolli.
Abstract
Juri Lotman's concept of the semiosphere has proven highly influential in the study of contemporary popular media and journalism. His revolutionary proposition is that culture is a planetary system, like the biosphere or atmosphere. At the same time, semiospheres are scale-free and mutually interactive, bounded by border-zones of intensive semiotic energy (translation as conflict and cooperation). Culture as a system of systems operates at micro (agent), meso (institution) and macro (system) levels. This approach has two important consequences for the study of contemporary media. First, it reconnects media studies with the natural sciences. Second, it offers a model for understanding the globalisation of creative media, communications and everyday life in the era of the internet.
In this talk, John Hartley outlines the new ‘Cultural Science’ approach, following Lotman’s insights into the semiosphere and linking them to advances in evolutionary and complexity sciences. Here, creativity is not simply an individual attribute (talent) or output of firms (copyright). It is the production of newness in complex systems under conditions of uncertainty. Likewise, culture is not confined to professional arts and elite heritage. Instead, analytical attention shifts to ’the three bigs':
- ‘Everyone’ (populations not persons);
- ‘Everything' (creative productivity not just economic activity);
- ‘Everywhere’ (all countries and cultures, not just advanced economies).
This approach reveals the true scale, energy and potential (not to mention waste) of creative productivity. It also enables a coherent overall conceptualisation of the creative economy and culture. Here, innovation arises from cultural sources such as DIY culture, user-created content, network effects (including ‘creative destruction’) and the clash of systems. At the same time Cultural Science reintegrates humanities and the evolutionary sciences by investigating how ‘culture makes groups; and groups make knowledge’.
* The talk draws on John Hartley’s recent books: Cultural Science (with Jason Potts, Bloomsbury 2014); Creative Economy and Culture (with Wen Wen & Henry Siling Li, Sage 2015); and The Creative Citizen Unbound (edited with Ian Hargreaves, Policy Press UK, 2016).
5. detsember, 2014
Professor Edna Andrews
"The importance of Lotmanian semiotics to sign theory and the cognitive neurosciences"
Loe intervjuud Edna Andrewsiga.
Abstrakt (inglise keeles):
Lotman’s contribution to semiotic theory, anthroposemiotics, the study of artistic texts and defining the relationship between language and culture represent some of the most powerful work produced within the Tartu–Moscow School of Semiotics. Key fundamental principles of Lotman’s theoretical work include a fully developed dynamic and interactive modelling of the semiosphere, the importance of acknowledging multiple (never singular) languages as minimums of semiotic meaning-generation, culture text-level generation of collective memory, and the ever-present tension in communication acts. These principles are essential in deepening our understanding of the neurological interface of language, memory and culture. This presentation will explore the importance of Lotmanian paradigms for understanding variation at the neurological level by examining human evolution of higher cognitive functions and cognitive neuroscience approaches to the study of brain and languages.
Edna Andrews on lingvistika ja kultuuriantropolooga professor ja slaavi ja euraasia õpingute professor (Nancy & Jeffrey Marcus Distinguished Professor) ning juhib Duke'i Ülikooli lingvistika programmi. Ta sai doktorikraadi Indiana Ülikoolist ning on ka St. Peterburi Riikliku Ülikooli audoktor. Tema olulisemate teoste seas on: Markedness theory: The union of asymmetry and semiosis in language (1990), About Sintetizm, Mathematics and Other Things: E.I. Zamiatin’s novel WE (1994, vene keeles), The Semantics of Suffixation (1996), Conversations with Lotman: Cultural semiotics in language, literature and cognition (2003), A Calculus of Meaning: Studies in Markedness, Distinctive Features and Deixis (1996, toimetatud kogumik). Tema uusim raamat on Neuroscience and Multilingualism (Cambridge University Press, 2014). Viimasteks artikliteks kognitiivse neuroteaduse ja semiootika vallas on: “H.M’s Language Skills: Clues about Language and the Medial Temporal Lobe” (2005), “Semiospheric transitions: A key to modelling translation” (2009) ja “Language and Brain: Recasting Meaning in the Definition of Human Language” (2011). Tema praeguste uurimuste sekka kuulub ka ulatuslik funktsionaalse magnetresonantstomograafia abil tehtud longituuduuring teise keele omandamisest ja paljukeelsusest. Esimene artikkel selle uurimuse kohta avaldati ajakirjas Brain Sciences 3(2): 2013 (Multilingualism and fMRI: A longitudinal study of second language acquisition, kaasautoriteks C. Casabo-Voyvodic, J. Voyvodic ja J. Wright). Professor Andrews on ka ajakirja Brain Sciences (2013) ajule ja keelele pühendatud erinumbri külalistoimetaja. Professor Andrews pälvis Duke'i Ülikooli presidendilt Richard Brodheadilt Ülikooli Teadlase/ Õpetaja auhinna 26. septembril, 2013.
